1. FOR THE TOPPING: Combine the flour, sugar, vanilla, cinnamon, and salt in a bowl. Stir in the melted butter until the mixture resembles wet sand. Preheat your oven's broiler.
2. FOR THE FILLING: Combine 1 tablespoon sugar and the arrowroot powder in a small bowl; set aside. Combine the cherries, water (or juice), lemon juice, vanilla, almond extract, salt, and remaining 2 tablespoons of sugar into a heated 10-inch cast iron skillet. Cook until the cherries start to release their juice and the mixture starts to simmer - about 5 minutes. Continue to cook for another 2 minutes.
3. Stir in the arrowroot/sugar mixture and cook until the sauce is thickened, about a minute. Remove the skillet from the heat and sprinkle the topping evenly over the cherries. Place the skillet in your preheated broiler and allow the topping to crisp up and brown nicely - about a minute or so.
4. Remove from the broiler and allow to cool for 15 minutes. Serve warm.